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import io
import re
import struct
import hashlib as md5
import logging
from .psparser import PSStackParser, PSSyntaxError, PSEOF, literal_name, LIT, KWD, handle_error
from .pdftypes import (PDFException, PDFTypeError, PDFNotImplementedError, PDFStream, PDFObjRef,
resolve1, decipher_all, int_value, str_value, list_value, dict_value, stream_value)
from .arcfour import Arcfour
from .utils import choplist, nunpack, decode_text, ObjIdRange
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
## Exceptions
##
class PDFSyntaxError(PDFException): pass
class PDFNoValidXRef(PDFSyntaxError): pass
class PDFNoOutlines(PDFException): pass
class PDFDestinationNotFound(PDFException): pass
class PDFAlreadyParsed(PDFException): pass
class PDFEncryptionError(PDFException): pass
class PDFPasswordIncorrect(PDFEncryptionError): pass
# some predefined literals and keywords.
LITERAL_OBJSTM = LIT('ObjStm')
LITERAL_XREF = LIT('XRef')
LITERAL_PAGE = LIT('Page')
LITERAL_PAGES = LIT('Pages')
LITERAL_CATALOG = LIT('Catalog')
class PDFBaseXRef:
def get_trailer(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def get_objids(self):
return []
def get_pos(self, objid):
raise KeyError(objid)
class PDFXRef(PDFBaseXRef):
def __init__(self):
self.offsets = {}
self.trailer = {}
def load(self, parser):
while 1:
try:
(pos, line) = parser.nextline()
if not line.strip(): continue
except PSEOF:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Unexpected EOF - file corrupted?')
if not line:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Premature eof: %r' % parser)
if line.startswith('trailer'):
parser.setpos(pos)
break
f = line.strip().split(' ')
if len(f) != 2:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Trailer not found: %r: line=%r' % (parser, line))
try:
(start, nobjs) = list(map(int, f))
except ValueError:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Invalid line: %r: line=%r' % (parser, line))
for objid in range(start, start+nobjs):
try:
(_, line) = parser.nextline()
except PSEOF:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Unexpected EOF - file corrupted?')
f = line.strip().split(' ')
if len(f) != 3:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Invalid XRef format: %r, line=%r' % (parser, line))
(pos, genno, use) = f
if use != 'n': continue
self.offsets[objid] = (int(genno), int(pos))
logger.debug('xref objects: %r', self.offsets)
self.load_trailer(parser)
KEYWORD_TRAILER = KWD('trailer')
def load_trailer(self, parser):
try:
(_,kwd) = parser.nexttoken()
assert kwd is self.KEYWORD_TRAILER
(_,dic) = parser.nextobject()
except PSEOF:
x = parser.pop(1)
if not x:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Unexpected EOF - file corrupted')
(_,dic) = x[0]
self.trailer.update(dict_value(dic))
PDFOBJ_CUE = re.compile(r'^(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+obj\b')
def load_fallback(self, parser, debug=0):
parser.setpos(0)
while 1:
try:
(pos, line) = parser.nextline()
except PSEOF:
break
if line.startswith('trailer'):
parser.setpos(pos)
self.load_trailer(parser)
logger.debug('trailer: %r', self.get_trailer())
break
m = self.PDFOBJ_CUE.match(line)
if not m: continue
(objid, genno) = m.groups()
self.offsets[int(objid)] = (0, pos)
def get_trailer(self):
return self.trailer
def get_objids(self):
return iter(self.offsets.keys())
def get_pos(self, objid):
try:
(genno, pos) = self.offsets[objid]
except KeyError:
raise
return (None, pos)
class PDFXRefStream(PDFBaseXRef):
def __init__(self):
self.data = None
self.entlen = None
self.fl1 = self.fl2 = self.fl3 = None
self.objid_ranges = []
def __repr__(self):
return '<PDFXRefStream: fields=%d,%d,%d>' % (self.fl1, self.fl2, self.fl3)
def load(self, parser):
(_,objid) = parser.nexttoken() # ignored
(_,genno) = parser.nexttoken() # ignored
(_,kwd) = parser.nexttoken()
(_,stream) = parser.nextobject()
if not isinstance(stream, PDFStream) or stream['Type'] is not LITERAL_XREF:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Invalid PDF stream spec.')
size = stream['Size']
index_array = stream.get('Index', (0,size))
if len(index_array) % 2 != 0:
raise PDFSyntaxError('Invalid index number')
self.objid_ranges.extend( ObjIdRange(start, nobjs)
for (start,nobjs) in choplist(2, index_array) )
(self.fl1, self.fl2, self.fl3) = stream['W']
self.data = stream.get_data()
self.entlen = self.fl1+self.fl2+self.fl3
self.trailer = stream.attrs
if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
logger.debug('xref stream: objid=%s, fields=%d,%d,%d',
', '.join(map(repr, self.objid_ranges)), self.fl1, self.fl2, self.fl3)
def get_trailer(self):
return self.trailer
def get_objids(self):
for objid_range in self.objid_ranges:
for x in range(objid_range.get_start_id(), objid_range.get_end_id()+1):
yield x
def get_pos(self, objid):
offset = 0
found = False
for objid_range in self.objid_ranges:
if objid >= objid_range.get_start_id() and objid <= objid_range.get_end_id():
offset += objid - objid_range.get_start_id()
found = True
break
else:
offset += objid_range.get_nobjs()
if not found: raise KeyError(objid)
i = self.entlen * offset
ent = self.data[i:i+self.entlen]
f1 = nunpack(ent[:self.fl1], 1)
if f1 == 1:
pos = nunpack(ent[self.fl1:self.fl1+self.fl2])
genno = nunpack(ent[self.fl1+self.fl2:])
return (None, pos)
elif f1 == 2:
objid = nunpack(ent[self.fl1:self.fl1+self.fl2])
index = nunpack(ent[self.fl1+self.fl2:])
return (objid, index)
# this is a free object
raise KeyError(objid)
class PDFPage:
"""An object that holds the information about a page.
A PDFPage object is merely a convenience class that has a set
of keys and values, which describe the properties of a page
and point to its contents.
Attributes:
doc: a PDFDocument object.
pageid: any Python object that can uniquely identify the page.
attrs: a dictionary of page attributes.
contents: a list of PDFStream objects that represents the page content.
lastmod: the last modified time of the page.
resources: a list of resources used by the page.
mediabox: the physical size of the page.
cropbox: the crop rectangle of the page.
rotate: the page rotation (in degree).
annots: the page annotations.
beads: a chain that represents natural reading order.
"""
def __init__(self, doc, pageid, attrs):
"""Initialize a page object.
doc: a PDFDocument object.
pageid: any Python object that can uniquely identify the page.
attrs: a dictionary of page attributes.
"""
self.doc = doc
self.pageid = pageid
self.attrs = dict_value(attrs)
self.lastmod = resolve1(self.attrs.get('LastModified'))
self.resources = resolve1(self.attrs['Resources'])
self.mediabox = resolve1(self.attrs['MediaBox'])
if 'CropBox' in self.attrs:
self.cropbox = resolve1(self.attrs['CropBox'])
else:
self.cropbox = self.mediabox
self.rotate = (self.attrs.get('Rotate', 0)+360) % 360
self.annots = self.attrs.get('Annots')
self.beads = self.attrs.get('B')
if 'Contents' in self.attrs:
contents = resolve1(self.attrs['Contents'])
else:
contents = []
if not isinstance(contents, list):
contents = [ contents ]
self.contents = contents
def __repr__(self):
return '<PDFPage: Resources=%r, MediaBox=%r>' % (self.resources, self.mediabox)
class PDFDocument:
"""PDFDocument object represents a PDF document.
Since a PDF file can be very big, normally it is not loaded at
once. So PDF document has to cooperate with a PDF parser in order to
dynamically import the data as processing goes.
Typical usage:
doc = PDFDocument()
doc.set_parser(parser)
doc.initialize(password)
obj = doc.getobj(objid)
"""
KEYWORD_OBJ = KWD('obj')
def __init__(self, caching=True):
self.caching = caching
self.xrefs = []
self.info = []
self.catalog = None
self.encryption = None
self.decipher = None
self._parser = None
self._cached_objs = {}
self._parsed_objs = {}
self._parsed_everything = False
def _parse_next_object(self, parser):
# This is a bit awkward and I suspect that it could be a lot more elegant, but it would
# require refactoring the parsing process and I don't want to do that yet.
stack = []
_, token = parser.nexttoken()
while token is not self.KEYWORD_OBJ:
stack.append(token)
_, token = parser.nexttoken()
objid = stack[-2]
genno = stack[-1]
_, obj = parser.nextobject()
return objid, genno, obj
def _parse_objstream(self, stream):
# ObjStm have a special organization. First, the param "N" tells how many objs we have in
# there. Then, they start with a list of (objids, genno) pairs, and then the actual objects
# come in.
parser = PDFStreamParser(stream.get_data())
parser.set_document(self)
objcount = stream['N']
objids = []
for i in range(objcount):
_, objid = parser.nextobject()
_, genno = parser.nextobject()
objids.append(objid)
# Now we should be at the point where we read objects
for objid in objids:
_, obj = parser.nextobject()
self._cached_objs[objid] = obj
def _parse_whole(self, parser):
while True:
try:
objid, genno, obj = self._parse_next_object(parser)
self._cached_objs[objid] = obj
if isinstance(obj, PDFStream) and obj.get('Type') is LITERAL_OBJSTM:
obj.set_objid(objid, genno)
self._parse_objstream(obj)
except PSEOF:
break
def _parse_everything(self):
# Sometimes, we have malformed xref, but we still want to manage to read the PDF. In cases
# like these, the last resort is to read all objects at once so that our object reference
# can finally be resolved. This is slower than the normal method, so ony use this when the
# xref tables are corrupt/wrong/whatever.
if self._parsed_everything:
raise PDFAlreadyParsed()
parser = self._parser
parser.setpos(0)
parser.reset()
self._parse_whole(parser)
self._parsed_everything = True
def _getobj(self, objid):
if not self.xrefs:
raise PDFException('PDFDocument is not initialized')
# logger.debug('getobj: objid=%r', objid)
if objid in self._cached_objs:
genno = 0
obj = self._cached_objs[objid]
else:
strmid, index = self.find_obj_ref(objid)
if index is None:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, 'Cannot locate objid=%r' % objid)
# return null for a nonexistent reference.
return None
if strmid:
stream = self.getobj(strmid)
if stream is None:
return None
stream = stream_value(stream)
if stream.get('Type') is not LITERAL_OBJSTM:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, 'Not a stream object: %r' % stream)
try:
n = stream['N']
except KeyError:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, 'N is not defined: %r' % stream)
n = 0
if strmid in self._parsed_objs:
objs = self._parsed_objs[strmid]
else:
parser = PDFStreamParser(stream.get_data())
parser.set_document(self)
objs = []
try:
while True:
_, obj = parser.nextobject()
objs.append(obj)
except PSEOF:
pass
if self.caching:
self._parsed_objs[strmid] = objs
genno = 0
i = n*2+index
try:
obj = objs[i]
except IndexError:
raise PDFSyntaxError('Invalid object number: objid=%r' % (objid))
if isinstance(obj, PDFStream):
obj.set_objid(objid, 0)
else:
try:
self._parser.setpos(index)
except PSEOF:
handle_error(PSEOF, 'Parser index out of bounds')
return None
(_,objid1) = self._parser.nexttoken() # objid
(_,genno) = self._parser.nexttoken() # genno
(_,kwd) = self._parser.nexttoken()
# #### hack around malformed pdf files
#assert objid1 == objid, (objid, objid1)
if objid1 != objid:
x = []
while kwd is not self.KEYWORD_OBJ:
(_,kwd) = self._parser.nexttoken()
x.append(kwd)
if x:
objid1 = x[-2]
genno = x[-1]
# #### end hack around malformed pdf files
if kwd is not self.KEYWORD_OBJ:
raise PDFSyntaxError('Invalid object spec: offset=%r' % index)
try:
(_,obj) = self._parser.nextobject()
if isinstance(obj, PDFStream):
obj.set_objid(objid, genno)
except PSEOF:
return None
# logger.debug('register: objid=%r: %r', objid, obj)
if self.caching:
self._cached_objs[objid] = obj
if self.decipher:
obj = decipher_all(self.decipher, objid, genno, obj)
return obj
def set_parser(self, parser):
"Set the document to use a given PDFParser object."
if self._parser:
return
self._parser = parser
# Retrieve the information of each header that was appended
# (maybe multiple times) at the end of the document.
self.xrefs = parser.read_xref()
for xref in self.xrefs:
trailer = xref.get_trailer()
if not trailer: continue
# If there's an encryption info, remember it.
if 'Encrypt' in trailer:
#assert not self.encryption
self.encryption = (list_value(trailer['ID']),
dict_value(trailer['Encrypt']))
if 'Info' in trailer:
self.info.append(dict_value(trailer['Info']))
if 'Root' in trailer:
# Every PDF file must have exactly one /Root dictionary.
self.catalog = dict_value(trailer['Root'])
break
else:
raise PDFSyntaxError('No /Root object! - Is this really a PDF?')
if self.catalog.get('Type') is not LITERAL_CATALOG:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, 'Catalog not found!')
# initialize(password='')
# Perform the initialization with a given password.
# This step is mandatory even if there's no password associated
# with the document.
PASSWORD_PADDING = b'(\xbfN^Nu\x8aAd\x00NV\xff\xfa\x01\x08..\x00\xb6\xd0h>\x80/\x0c\xa9\xfedSiz'
def initialize(self, password=''):
if not self.encryption:
self.is_printable = self.is_modifiable = self.is_extractable = True
return
(docid, param) = self.encryption
if literal_name(param.get('Filter')) != 'Standard':
raise PDFEncryptionError('Unknown filter: param=%r' % param)
V = int_value(param.get('V', 0))
if not (V == 1 or V == 2):
raise PDFEncryptionError('Unknown algorithm: param=%r' % param)
length = int_value(param.get('Length', 40)) # Key length (bits)
O = str_value(param['O'])
R = int_value(param['R']) # Revision
if 5 <= R:
raise PDFEncryptionError('Unknown revision: %r' % R)
U = str_value(param['U'])
P = int_value(param['P'])
self.is_printable = bool(P & 4)
self.is_modifiable = bool(P & 8)
self.is_extractable = bool(P & 16)
# Algorithm 3.2
# XXX is latin-1 the correct encoding???
password = password.encode('latin-1')
password = (password+self.PASSWORD_PADDING)[:32] # 1
hash = md5.md5(password) # 2
hash.update(O) # 3
hash.update(struct.pack('<l', P)) # 4
hash.update(docid[0]) # 5
if 4 <= R:
# 6
raise PDFNotImplementedError('Revision 4 encryption is currently unsupported')
if 3 <= R:
# 8
for _ in range(50):
hash = md5.md5(hash.digest()[:length//8])
key = hash.digest()[:length//8]
if R == 2:
# Algorithm 3.4
u1 = Arcfour(key).process(self.PASSWORD_PADDING)
elif R == 3:
# Algorithm 3.5
hash = md5.md5(self.PASSWORD_PADDING) # 2
hash.update(docid[0]) # 3
x = Arcfour(key).process(hash.digest()[:16]) # 4
for i in range(1,19+1):
k = bytes( c ^ i for c in key )
x = Arcfour(k).process(x)
u1 = x+x # 32bytes total
if R == 2:
is_authenticated = (u1 == U)
else:
is_authenticated = (u1[:16] == U[:16])
if not is_authenticated:
raise PDFPasswordIncorrect
self.decrypt_key = key
self.decipher = self.decrypt_rc4 # XXX may be AES
def decrypt_rc4(self, objid, genno, data):
key = self.decrypt_key + struct.pack('<L',objid)[:3]+struct.pack('<L',genno)[:2]
hash = md5.md5(key)
key = hash.digest()[:min(len(key),16)]
return Arcfour(key).process(data)
def readobj(self):
"""Read the next object at current position.
The object doesn't have to start exactly where we are. We'll read the first
object that comes to us.
"""
return self._parse_next_object(self._parser)
def find_obj_ref(self, objid):
for xref in self.xrefs:
try:
strmid, index = xref.get_pos(objid)
return strmid, index
except KeyError:
pass
else:
# return null for a nonexistent reference.
return None, None
def getobj(self, objid):
result = self._getobj(objid)
if result is None:
try:
self._parse_everything()
result = self._getobj(objid)
except PDFAlreadyParsed:
result = None
return result
INHERITABLE_ATTRS = {'Resources', 'MediaBox', 'CropBox', 'Rotate'}
def get_pages(self):
if not self.xrefs:
raise PDFException('PDFDocument is not initialized')
def search(obj, parent):
try:
if isinstance(obj, int):
objid = obj
tree = dict_value(self.getobj(objid), strict=True).copy()
else:
objid = obj.objid
tree = dict_value(obj, strict=True).copy()
except PDFTypeError:
return
for (k,v) in parent.items():
if k in self.INHERITABLE_ATTRS and k not in tree:
tree[k] = v
if tree.get('Type') is LITERAL_PAGES and 'Kids' in tree:
logger.debug('Pages: Kids=%r', tree['Kids'])
for c in list_value(tree['Kids']):
for x in search(c, tree):
yield x
elif tree.get('Type') is LITERAL_PAGE:
logger.debug('Page: %r', tree)
yield (objid, tree)
if 'Pages' not in self.catalog:
return
for (pageid,tree) in search(self.catalog['Pages'], self.catalog):
yield PDFPage(self, pageid, tree)
def get_outlines(self):
if 'Outlines' not in self.catalog:
raise PDFNoOutlines
def search(entry, level):
entry = dict_value(entry)
if 'Title' in entry:
if 'A' in entry or 'Dest' in entry:
title = decode_text(str_value(entry['Title']))
dest = entry.get('Dest')
action = entry.get('A')
se = entry.get('SE')
yield (level, title, dest, action, se)
if 'First' in entry and 'Last' in entry:
for x in search(entry['First'], level+1):
yield x
if 'Next' in entry:
for x in search(entry['Next'], level):
yield x
return search(self.catalog['Outlines'], 0)
def lookup_name(self, cat, key):
try:
names = dict_value(self.catalog['Names'])
except (PDFTypeError, KeyError):
raise KeyError((cat,key))
# may raise KeyError
d0 = dict_value(names[cat])
def lookup(d):
if 'Limits' in d:
(k1,k2) = list_value(d['Limits'])
if key < k1 or k2 < key: return None
if 'Names' in d:
objs = list_value(d['Names'])
names = dict(choplist(2, objs))
return names[key]
if 'Kids' in d:
for c in list_value(d['Kids']):
v = lookup(dict_value(c))
if v: return v
raise KeyError((cat,key))
return lookup(d0)
def get_dest(self, name):
try:
# PDF-1.2 or later
obj = self.lookup_name('Dests', name)
except KeyError:
# PDF-1.1 or prior
if 'Dests' not in self.catalog:
raise PDFDestinationNotFound(name)
d0 = dict_value(self.catalog['Dests'])
if name not in d0:
raise PDFDestinationNotFound(name)
obj = d0[name]
return obj
class PDFParser(PSStackParser):
"""
PDFParser fetch PDF objects from a file stream.
It can handle indirect references by referring to
a PDF document set by set_document method.
It also reads XRefs at the end of every PDF file.
Typical usage:
parser = PDFParser(fp)
parser.read_xref()
parser.set_document(doc)
parser.seek(offset)
parser.nextobject()
"""
def __init__(self, fp):
PSStackParser.__init__(self, fp)
self.doc = None
self.fallback = False
def set_document(self, doc):
"""Associates the parser with a PDFDocument object."""
self.doc = doc
KEYWORD_R = KWD('R')
KEYWORD_NULL = KWD('null')
KEYWORD_ENDOBJ = KWD('endobj')
KEYWORD_STREAM = KWD('stream')
KEYWORD_XREF = KWD('xref')
KEYWORD_STARTXREF = KWD('startxref')
def do_keyword(self, pos, token):
"""Handles PDF-related keywords."""
if token in (self.KEYWORD_XREF, self.KEYWORD_STARTXREF):
self.add_results(*self.pop(1))
elif token is self.KEYWORD_ENDOBJ:
self.add_results(*self.pop(4))
elif token is self.KEYWORD_NULL:
# null object
self.push((pos, None))
elif token is self.KEYWORD_R:
# reference to indirect object
try:
((_,objid), (_,genno)) = self.pop(2)
(objid, genno) = (int(objid), int(genno))
obj = PDFObjRef(self.doc, objid, genno)
self.push((pos, obj))
except PSSyntaxError:
pass
elif token is self.KEYWORD_STREAM:
# stream object
((_,dic),) = self.pop(1)
dic = dict_value(dic)
try:
objlen = int_value(dic['Length'])
except KeyError:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, '/Length is undefined: %r' % dic)
objlen = 0
self.setpos(pos)
try:
(_, line) = self.nextline() # 'stream'
except PSEOF:
handle_error(PDFSyntaxError, 'Unexpected EOF')
return
pos += len(line)
endpos = pos + objlen
if 'endstream' not in self.data[endpos:endpos+len('endstream')+2]:
r = re.compile(r'(\r\n|\r|\n)endstream')
m = r.search(self.data, pos)
if m is None:
raise PDFSyntaxError("stream with no endstream")
endpos = m.start()
data = self.data[pos:endpos].encode('latin-1')
self.setpos(endpos)
self.nexttoken() # consume 'endstream'
# XXX limit objlen not to exceed object boundary
# logger.debug('Stream: pos=%d, objlen=%d, dic=%r, data=%r...', pos, objlen, dic, data[:10])
obj = PDFStream(dic, data, self.doc.decipher)
self.push((pos, obj))
else:
# others
self.push((pos, token))
def find_xref(self):
"""Internal function used to locate the first XRef."""
# the word 'startxref' followed by a newline followed by digits
re_startxref = re.compile(r'startxref\s*[\r\n]+\s*(\d+)', re.MULTILINE)
# try at the end, then try the whole file.
m = re_startxref.findall(self.data, len(self.data)-4096)
if not m:
m = re_startxref.findall(self.data)
if not m:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Unexpected EOF')
logger.debug('xref found: pos=%r', m[-1])
return int(m[-1])
# read xref table
def read_xref_from(self, start, xrefs):
"""Reads XRefs from the given location."""
self.setpos(start)
self.reset()
try:
(pos, token) = self.nexttoken()
except PSEOF:
raise PDFNoValidXRef('Unexpected EOF')
# logger.debug('read_xref_from: start=%d, token=%r', start, token)
if isinstance(token, int):
# XRefStream: PDF-1.5
self.setpos(pos)
self.reset()
xref = PDFXRefStream()
xref.load(self)
else:
if token is self.KEYWORD_XREF:
self.nextline()
xref = PDFXRef()
xref.load(self)
xrefs.append(xref)
trailer = xref.get_trailer()
logger.debug('trailer: %r', trailer)
if 'XRefStm' in trailer:
pos = int_value(trailer['XRefStm'])
self.read_xref_from(pos, xrefs)
if 'Prev' in trailer:
# find previous xref
pos = int_value(trailer['Prev'])
self.read_xref_from(pos, xrefs)
# read xref tables and trailers
def read_xref(self):
"""Reads all the XRefs in the PDF file and returns them."""
xrefs = []
try:
pos = self.find_xref()
self.read_xref_from(pos, xrefs)
except PDFNoValidXRef:
# fallback
logger.debug('no xref, fallback')
self.fallback = True
xref = PDFXRef()
xref.load_fallback(self)
xrefs.append(xref)
return xrefs
class PDFStreamParser(PDFParser):
"""
PDFStreamParser is used to parse PDF content streams
that is contained in each page and has instructions
for rendering the page. A reference to a PDF document is
needed because a PDF content stream can also have
indirect references to other objects in the same document.
"""
def __init__(self, data):
PDFParser.__init__(self, io.BytesIO(data))
def flush(self):
self.add_results(*self.popall())
def do_keyword(self, pos, token):
if token is self.KEYWORD_R:
# reference to indirect object
try:
((_,objid), (_,genno)) = self.pop(2)
(objid, genno) = (int(objid), int(genno))
obj = PDFObjRef(self.doc, objid, genno)
self.push((pos, obj))
except PSSyntaxError:
pass
return
# others
self.push((pos, token))