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315 lines
12 KiB
315 lines
12 KiB
# coding: utf8
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from __future__ import unicode_literals
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def explain(term):
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"""Get a description for a given POS tag, dependency label or entity type.
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term (unicode): The term to explain.
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RETURNS (unicode): The explanation, or `None` if not found in the glossary.
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> spacy.explain(u'NORP')
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>>> doc = nlp(u'Hello world')
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>>> print([w.text, w.tag_, spacy.explain(w.tag_) for w in doc])
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"""
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if term in GLOSSARY:
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return GLOSSARY[term]
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GLOSSARY = {
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# POS tags
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# Universal POS Tags
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# http://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/
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'ADJ': 'adjective',
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'ADP': 'adposition',
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'ADV': 'adverb',
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'AUX': 'auxiliary',
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'CONJ': 'conjunction',
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'CCONJ': 'coordinating conjunction',
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'DET': 'determiner',
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'INTJ': 'interjection',
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'NOUN': 'noun',
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'NUM': 'numeral',
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'PART': 'particle',
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'PRON': 'pronoun',
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'PROPN': 'proper noun',
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'PUNCT': 'punctuation',
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'SCONJ': 'subordinating conjunction',
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'SYM': 'symbol',
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'VERB': 'verb',
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'X': 'other',
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'EOL': 'end of line',
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'SPACE': 'space',
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# POS tags (English)
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# OntoNotes 5 / Penn Treebank
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# https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html
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'.': 'punctuation mark, sentence closer',
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',': 'punctuation mark, comma',
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'-LRB-': 'left round bracket',
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'-RRB-': 'right round bracket',
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'``': 'opening quotation mark',
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'""': 'closing quotation mark',
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"''": 'closing quotation mark',
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':': 'punctuation mark, colon or ellipsis',
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'$': 'symbol, currency',
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'#': 'symbol, number sign',
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'AFX': 'affix',
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'CC': 'conjunction, coordinating',
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'CD': 'cardinal number',
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'DT': 'determiner',
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'EX': 'existential there',
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'FW': 'foreign word',
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'HYPH': 'punctuation mark, hyphen',
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'IN': 'conjunction, subordinating or preposition',
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'JJ': 'adjective',
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'JJR': 'adjective, comparative',
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'JJS': 'adjective, superlative',
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'LS': 'list item marker',
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'MD': 'verb, modal auxiliary',
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'NIL': 'missing tag',
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'NN': 'noun, singular or mass',
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'NNP': 'noun, proper singular',
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'NNPS': 'noun, proper plural',
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'NNS': 'noun, plural',
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'PDT': 'predeterminer',
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'POS': 'possessive ending',
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'PRP': 'pronoun, personal',
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'PRP$': 'pronoun, possessive',
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'RB': 'adverb',
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'RBR': 'adverb, comparative',
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'RBS': 'adverb, superlative',
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'RP': 'adverb, particle',
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'TO': 'infinitival to',
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'UH': 'interjection',
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'VB': 'verb, base form',
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'VBD': 'verb, past tense',
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'VBG': 'verb, gerund or present participle',
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'VBN': 'verb, past participle',
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'VBP': 'verb, non-3rd person singular present',
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'VBZ': 'verb, 3rd person singular present',
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'WDT': 'wh-determiner',
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'WP': 'wh-pronoun, personal',
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'WP$': 'wh-pronoun, possessive',
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'WRB': 'wh-adverb',
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'SP': 'space',
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'ADD': 'email',
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'NFP': 'superfluous punctuation',
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'GW': 'additional word in multi-word expression',
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'XX': 'unknown',
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'BES': 'auxiliary "be"',
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'HVS': 'forms of "have"',
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# POS Tags (German)
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# TIGER Treebank
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# http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/ressourcen/korpora/TIGERCorpus/annotation/tiger_introduction.pdf
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'$(': 'other sentence-internal punctuation mark',
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'$,': 'comma',
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'$.': 'sentence-final punctuation mark',
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'ADJA': 'adjective, attributive',
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'ADJD': 'adjective, adverbial or predicative',
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'APPO': 'postposition',
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'APPR': 'preposition; circumposition left',
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'APPRART': 'preposition with article',
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'APZR': 'circumposition right',
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'ART': 'definite or indefinite article',
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'CARD': 'cardinal number',
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'FM': 'foreign language material',
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'ITJ': 'interjection',
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'KOKOM': 'comparative conjunction',
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'KON': 'coordinate conjunction',
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'KOUI': 'subordinate conjunction with "zu" and infinitive',
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'KOUS': 'subordinate conjunction with sentence',
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'NE': 'proper noun',
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'NNE': 'proper noun',
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'PAV': 'pronominal adverb',
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'PROAV': 'pronominal adverb',
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'PDAT': 'attributive demonstrative pronoun',
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'PDS': 'substituting demonstrative pronoun',
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'PIAT': 'attributive indefinite pronoun without determiner',
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'PIDAT': 'attributive indefinite pronoun with determiner',
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'PIS': 'substituting indefinite pronoun',
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'PPER': 'non-reflexive personal pronoun',
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'PPOSAT': 'attributive possessive pronoun',
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'PPOSS': 'substituting possessive pronoun',
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'PRELAT': 'attributive relative pronoun',
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'PRELS': 'substituting relative pronoun',
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'PRF': 'reflexive personal pronoun',
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'PTKA': 'particle with adjective or adverb',
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'PTKANT': 'answer particle',
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'PTKNEG': 'negative particle',
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'PTKVZ': 'separable verbal particle',
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'PTKZU': '"zu" before infinitive',
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'PWAT': 'attributive interrogative pronoun',
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'PWAV': 'adverbial interrogative or relative pronoun',
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'PWS': 'substituting interrogative pronoun',
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'TRUNC': 'word remnant',
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'VAFIN': 'finite verb, auxiliary',
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'VAIMP': 'imperative, auxiliary',
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'VAINF': 'infinitive, auxiliary',
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'VAPP': 'perfect participle, auxiliary',
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'VMFIN': 'finite verb, modal',
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'VMINF': 'infinitive, modal',
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'VMPP': 'perfect participle, modal',
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'VVFIN': 'finite verb, full',
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'VVIMP': 'imperative, full',
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'VVINF': 'infinitive, full',
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'VVIZU': 'infinitive with "zu", full',
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'VVPP': 'perfect participle, full',
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'XY': 'non-word containing non-letter',
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# Noun chunks
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'NP': 'noun phrase',
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'PP': 'prepositional phrase',
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'VP': 'verb phrase',
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'ADVP': 'adverb phrase',
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'ADJP': 'adjective phrase',
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'SBAR': 'subordinating conjunction',
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'PRT': 'particle',
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'PNP': 'prepositional noun phrase',
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# Dependency Labels (English)
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# ClearNLP / Universal Dependencies
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# https://github.com/clir/clearnlp-guidelines/blob/master/md/specifications/dependency_labels.md
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'acomp': 'adjectival complement',
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'advcl': 'adverbial clause modifier',
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'advmod': 'adverbial modifier',
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'agent': 'agent',
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'amod': 'adjectival modifier',
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'appos': 'appositional modifier',
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'attr': 'attribute',
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'aux': 'auxiliary',
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'auxpass': 'auxiliary (passive)',
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'cc': 'coordinating conjunction',
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'ccomp': 'clausal complement',
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'complm': 'complementizer',
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'conj': 'conjunct',
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'cop': 'copula',
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'csubj': 'clausal subject',
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'csubjpass': 'clausal subject (passive)',
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'dep': 'unclassified dependent',
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'det': 'determiner',
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'dobj': 'direct object',
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'expl': 'expletive',
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'hmod': 'modifier in hyphenation',
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'hyph': 'hyphen',
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'infmod': 'infinitival modifier',
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'intj': 'interjection',
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'iobj': 'indirect object',
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'mark': 'marker',
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'meta': 'meta modifier',
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'neg': 'negation modifier',
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'nmod': 'modifier of nominal',
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'nn': 'noun compound modifier',
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'npadvmod': 'noun phrase as adverbial modifier',
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'nsubj': 'nominal subject',
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'nsubjpass': 'nominal subject (passive)',
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'num': 'number modifier',
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'number': 'number compound modifier',
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'oprd': 'object predicate',
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'obj': 'object',
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'obl': 'oblique nominal',
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'parataxis': 'parataxis',
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'partmod': 'participal modifier',
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'pcomp': 'complement of preposition',
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'pobj': 'object of preposition',
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'poss': 'possession modifier',
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'possessive': 'possessive modifier',
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'preconj': 'pre-correlative conjunction',
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'prep': 'prepositional modifier',
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'prt': 'particle',
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'punct': 'punctuation',
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'quantmod': 'modifier of quantifier',
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'rcmod': 'relative clause modifier',
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'root': 'root',
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'xcomp': 'open clausal complement',
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# Dependency labels (German)
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# TIGER Treebank
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# http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/ressourcen/korpora/TIGERCorpus/annotation/tiger_introduction.pdf
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# currently missing: 'cc' (comparative complement) because of conflict
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# with English labels
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'ac': 'adpositional case marker',
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'adc': 'adjective component',
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'ag': 'genitive attribute',
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'ams': 'measure argument of adjective',
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'app': 'apposition',
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'avc': 'adverbial phrase component',
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'cd': 'coordinating conjunction',
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'cj': 'conjunct',
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'cm': 'comparative conjunction',
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'cp': 'complementizer',
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'cvc': 'collocational verb construction',
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'da': 'dative',
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'dh': 'discourse-level head',
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'dm': 'discourse marker',
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'ep': 'expletive es',
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'hd': 'head',
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'ju': 'junctor',
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'mnr': 'postnominal modifier',
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'mo': 'modifier',
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'ng': 'negation',
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'nk': 'noun kernel element',
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'nmc': 'numerical component',
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'oa': 'accusative object',
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'oc': 'clausal object',
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'og': 'genitive object',
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'op': 'prepositional object',
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'par': 'parenthetical element',
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'pd': 'predicate',
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'pg': 'phrasal genitive',
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'ph': 'placeholder',
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'pm': 'morphological particle',
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'pnc': 'proper noun component',
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'rc': 'relative clause',
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're': 'repeated element',
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'rs': 'reported speech',
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'sb': 'subject',
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# Named Entity Recognition
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# OntoNotes 5
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# https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2013T19/OntoNotes-Release-5.0.pdf
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'PERSON': 'People, including fictional',
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'NORP': 'Nationalities or religious or political groups',
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'FACILITY': 'Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.',
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'FAC': 'Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.',
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'ORG': 'Companies, agencies, institutions, etc.',
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'GPE': 'Countries, cities, states',
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'LOC': 'Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water',
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'PRODUCT': 'Objects, vehicles, foods, etc. (not services)',
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'EVENT': 'Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc.',
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'WORK_OF_ART': 'Titles of books, songs, etc.',
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'LAW': 'Named documents made into laws.',
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'LANGUAGE': 'Any named language',
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'DATE': 'Absolute or relative dates or periods',
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'TIME': 'Times smaller than a day',
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'PERCENT': 'Percentage, including "%"',
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'MONEY': 'Monetary values, including unit',
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'QUANTITY': 'Measurements, as of weight or distance',
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'ORDINAL': '"first", "second", etc.',
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'CARDINAL': 'Numerals that do not fall under another type',
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# Named Entity Recognition
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# Wikipedia
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# http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370212000276
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# https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5744/578cc243d92287f47448870bb426c66cc941.pdf
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'PER': 'Named person or family.',
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'MISC': ('Miscellaneous entities, e.g. events, nationalities, '
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'products or works of art'),
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}
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