3. [Getting some INFO about the system](#getting-some-info-about-the-system)
4. [Cool programs you find on almost all linux](#cool-programs-you-find-on-almost-all-linux)
# Important Linux commands
# Important Linux commands
@ -166,6 +167,72 @@ here the output of history gets piped into the program grep.
as the output of history gives one command per line, grep will filter out exactly the command in which the pattern "whatsoever" occur.
as the output of history gives one command per line, grep will filter out exactly the command in which the pattern "whatsoever" occur.
# the package manager(s)
One of the biggest differences between different operating systems is their package
manager. Or better, the different programs for managing installations, removal etc of all software. For a software, to get into the collection of a certain OS, can be more or less difficult. In Arch Linux for instance, you will find some of the latest stuff. On other systems, like trisquel linux, you wont find closed source stuff. The package manager is the software which talks to these package collections.
## debian linux based apt
APT stands for Advanced Packaging tool.
If I want to install a package, first I look in the so called "mirrors" of my system.
What versions are available? What further tools, connected with the software I wanted to install, are also available? For debian, an option is to use
apt-cache search "library"
then, to install the package, usually
apt-get install "lib"
is used.
If you want to make some install breaking out of the system philosophy,
sometimes you want to issue
dpkg install "lib"
The tool apt is build from dpkg.
But if u use dpkg, you should know what youre doing.
If you get into conflicts, which means you have massively a lot of software and a new install breaks dependencies (this shouldn't happen, but it did to me),
then
aptitude install "lib"
is cool.
It gives you different scenarios, listed in pretty complex manner, and you can choose
what way to go. Choosing what software should break, which not, or maybe there is even a solution enabling everything you want to run at the same time.
When you remove packages, with apt you have the possibility to either
remove or purge the code.
The one is deleting everything, the other is deleting the software but leaving configurations etc. Such that in case youll get the software again, you can kind of start from the point you were. But sometimes Everythings broken because of broken configurations. Then deleting everything can make everything running again.
## Arch linux based pacman
On Arch linux, pacman does a lot for you.
To install, you use
pacman -S "lib"
To remove, you use
pacman -R "lib"
To search for packages, you use
pacman -Ss "lib"
To search in the user repository, and to install the stuff you can find there (stuff not quite on the same level as on the arch system repo, but sometimes prototypes and unstable but nice stuff) you can use
pacaur -Ss "lib"
or the other commands. Here most pacman commands work, the difference is you use pacaur without sudo.
# getting some info about the system
# getting some info about the system
@ -191,6 +258,18 @@ prints in human readable with depth 2, that means in the directories and in thei
prints you out all the hardware devices with memory
prints you out all the hardware devices with memory
## lscpu
prints you out info about the central processing unit
## lspci
prints out lots of hardware, everything that is connected with pci, which means the fast stuff
## lsusb
prints out everything connected with usb.
More than everything, prints you also nice codes in the format 666:666 which is a wonderful help for finding drivers for usb connected devices.
