@ -60,6 +60,26 @@ you can use >> instead. Writing it like this:
This both is piping. There is another very important aspect of piping described later.
This both is piping. There is another very important aspect of piping described later.
# mkdir
another basic command.
Create a new directory ("make dir")
# su
stands for super user.
use it to become super user.
then the symbol in your shell changes from $ which means you are normal user to # which is the sysmbol of being superuser, or in other words: root.
# sudo
this is a program you can put in front of commands, to get the superuser for only this command, typing your password of course.
then for other x times writing sudo, you can issue commands as superuser without even typing in a password.
# alias
# alias
@ -122,6 +142,12 @@ this lists all the commands of the shell you are in, that you have typed in last
if you have some bigger output of some of the former commands for example. Or whatever big output. then use grep to filter out the lines that have a certain word in it.
if you have some bigger output of some of the former commands for example. Or whatever big output. then use grep to filter out the lines that have a certain word in it.
GRAB it.
GRAB it.
grep -lr word
is pretty cool. It searches you all the files recursively from your point in cyberspace - if they have in that "word". If yes, than the command will print out the file.
# piping with |
# piping with |
here comes into account the piping with |.
here comes into account the piping with |.
@ -196,3 +222,44 @@ with
I ask systemctl to give me the status of the nginx daemon, running in the background of my (and actually all of my machines there is running one nginx daemon) machine.
I ask systemctl to give me the status of the nginx daemon, running in the background of my (and actually all of my machines there is running one nginx daemon) machine.
## cool programs you find on almost all linux
# ssh
with ssh, the secure shell, you can be on other computers worldwide connected to the internet.
its basically the same thing as getting the standard shell programm of the system running the ssh daemon. but almost all systems do that as a standard
# scp
thats copying from one computer to the other with the ssh protocol
# rsync
better than scp because it can easily recover when something bad happens during the up or download of something big. from its syntax ssh alike.
# vnc
is like ssh but for video
# torify
the freedom of the internet is not a joke.
with torify you can tunnel other programs over tor.
with tor, with systemctl status/start/stop tor.service, with reading and writing the torrc (THE configuration file of tor) you can easily host a knot point or a bridge.
Just understanding a lot about tor is already helping a lot for our freedom.
# ncat
on linux OSes, or probably also on other computers, a lot of things are organised in so called ports.
ssh has port 22
http has port 80
https has port 443
a lot of these ports have different programs that use them.
already over knowing these ports and their programs, you get to know GROUND computer stuff. OLD computer stuff. pretty strong stuff all coders kinda agreed and agree on.
with ncat, ports arent a problem anymore. just pip any port on any port (in the end, ports are also only directories, because there are only dirs and files on UNIX (kinda linux and apple together)).
